Abstract. The trimeric caffeic acid derivative pulcaffeate (1) was isolated from the organic crude extract of the roots of Bourreria pulchra (Boraginaceae). The biosynthesis of 1 appears to involve an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction between a cyclohexa-1,3-diene intermediate, generated by the oxidation of the aromatic ring of a cinnamic acid unit, and the conjugated double bond of a caffeic acid unit. The structure of the new metabolite was elucidated through a detailed analysis of its 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data. This is the first report of a trimeric metabolite occurring in B. pulchra.

Resumen. Pulcafeato (1) un derivado trimérico del ácido cafeico fue aislado del extracto orgánico crudo de las raíces de Bourreria pulchra (Boraginaceae). La biosíntesis de 1 parece llevarse a cabo mediante una reacción intramolecular de Diels-Alder entre un intermediario de cyclohexa-1,3-dieno, generado durante la oxidación del anillo aromático de una unidad de ácido cinámico, y el doble enlace conjugado de una unidad de ácido cafeico. La estructura del nuevo metabolito fue elucidada mediante el análisis detallado de sus datos espectroscópicos de RMN de 1H y 13C. Este es el primer reporte sobre la presencia de un metabolito trimérico en B. pulchra.

ABSTRACT Eleven compounds, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (1), persicogenin (2), eriodictyol 3′,4′,7-trimethyl ether (3), phytol (4), spathulenol (5), 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (6), onopordin (7), 5,8,4′-trihydroxy-7,3′-dimethoxyflavone (8), quercetin (9), jaceosidin (10), and 8-hydroxyluteolin (11), were isolated from an ethanol extract of Lantana balansae Briq., Verbenaceae, that was found to possess antileishmanial activity. The structures of the compounds were determined by NMR spectroscopy and HR mass spectrometry, and 1, 2, 3, 7, 8 and 9 were investigated for antiprotozoal activity toward promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis. Compound 1 was shown to be the most potent, with the IC50 values 2.0 µM toward L. amazonensis and 0.68 µM toward L. braziliensis, although less potent than the positive control Amphotericin B. All compounds have been reported previously, but this is the first report of the isolation of a cyclopentenone fatty acid (1) and flavanones (2 and 3) from a Lantana species.

Un diterpenoide conocido tipo ent-kaurano, ewf-19-al-17,16P-dihidroxikaurano (1), junto con un diterpenoide nuevo, ewf-3p,16p,19-trihidroxikaurano (2), llamado leptophyllin, fueron aislados de las partes aéreas de Baccharis leptophylla. Sus estructuras fueron establecidas en base a técnicas de análisis espectroscópico de RMN. En base a este estudio los datos de RMN X H y 13C del compuesto (1) fueron completados mediante técnicas de RMN 2D.

A known ent-kaurane diterpenoid, ewf-19-al-17,16P-dihydroxykaurane (1), together with the new one, ent-3<img width=9 height=14 src="../img/a07_figura01.gif">, 16<img width=9 height=14 src="../img/a07_figura01.gif">, 19-trihydroxykaurane (2), called leptophyllin, were isolated from aerial parts of Baccharis leptophylla. Their structures were established on the basis of NMR spectroscopic analysis. Based on this study the ¹H and 13C NMR spectral data of compound (1) were completed by means of 2D NMR techniques.

A phytochemical investigation of the dried aerial parts of Senecio clivicolus Weddell led to the isolation of four furanoeremophilane sesquiterpenes. Their structures and relative configuration were established by NMR and HRMS-ESI analyses, and by comparison with data reported in the literature. Their presence in S. clivicolus is reported for the first time

RESUMEN En el presente estudio fitoquímico seis flavonoides fueron aislados de las partes aéreas de Baccharis polycephala. Sus estructuras químicas fueron determinadas por métodos espectroscópicos de NMR, ATR-IR y HRMS. Los compuestos aislados son: 5,7,4'-trihidroxiflavanona (1), 5,7-dihidroxi-4'-metoxiflavanona (2), 5-hidroxi-4',7-dimetoxiflavanona (3), 5,7,4'-trihidroxiflavonol (4), 5,7-dihidroxi-4'-metoxiflavonol (5) y 5,7-dihidroxi-4'-metoxiflavonoide (6), estos son reportados en Baccharis polycephala por primera vez

ABSTRACT Six flavonoids were obtained in a phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Baccharis polycephala. The structures of the natural products were established by NMR, ATR-IR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectroscopy as 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone (1), 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavanone (2), 5-hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavanone (3), 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavonol (4), 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavonol (5) and 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone (6). The presence of the isolated compounds in Baccharis polycephala is reported for the first time

ABSTRACT A structural study of depsides and depsidones by ¹H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, in which assignments of all carbons/protons of compounds isolated from various lichens (Thamnolia vermicularis, Baeomyces roseus and Everniastrum cirrhatum) is reported. The compounds studied include thamnolic acid, decarboxythamnolic acid, baeomycesic acid, salazinic acid and atranorin. The assignments are based on variuos 1D and 2D NMR experiments, e.g. DEPT, COSY, HMQC and HMBC

Kaempferol-3-rutinoside (1), together with α-amyrin, β-amyrin, acetato de taraxasterilo and stigmastenol, were isolated from the organic crude extract of the leaves of Sideroxylon foetidissimum subsp. gaumeri. Identification of the various metabolites was carried out by analyzing their spectroscopic data and/or by comparing it with those reported in the literature.

Kaempferol-3-rutinósido (1), además de α-amirina, β-amirina, acetato de taraxas-terol y estigmastenol, fueron aislados del extracto orgánico crudo de las hojas de Sideroxylon foetidissimum. La identificación de los diferentes metabolitos se llevó a cabo mediante el análisis de sus datos espectroscópicos y/o por comparación de los mismos con los reportados en la literatura.

The bio-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of Baccharis genistelloides (L) Baker, a plant that traditionally is used to treat diabetes, yielded (+)-curcuphenol (1) as agonist of GPR40, a cell surface receptor for free fatty acids. This paper describes the agonistic activity of 1 as well as of a series of semi-synthetic and synthetic analogues

Cuatro compuestos fenólicos fueron aislados Ermanine 1, Isokamferine 2, Drupanine 3 and 5,7,5’,4’- tetrahidroxi- 3-metoxiflavona 4 a partir de las hojas secas de Baccharis papillosa subsp. papillosa. Sus estructuras fueron determinadas por métodos espectroscópicos y comparados con datos bibliográficos. El material vegetal fue colectado en dos estaciones; invierno y verano, en ambos casos fueron determinados los mismos compuestos pero con diferentes rendimientos, incrementandose la cantidad de los compuestos 2, 3 y 4 en verano. Además, se evaluó la actividad antioxidante de cada compuesto puro mediante dos métodos: ABTS y FRAP, determinandose una potente actividad para el compuesto 4, una significante actividad para el compuesto 2 y una débil actividad para los compuestos 1 y 3

ABSTRACT Four phenolic compounds Ermanine 1, Isokamferine 2, Drupanine 3 and 5,7,5’,4’- tetrahydroxy- 3-methoxyflavone 4 were isolated from the dry leaves of Baccharis papillosa subsp. papillosa. Their structures were determinate by spectroscopic methods and compared with bibliographic data. The plant material was collected in two different seasons; winter and summer, in both cases we determined the same compounds, but with different yields increasing the quantity of compounds 2, 3 and 4 in summer. In addition, the pure compounds were submitted to an antioxidant evaluation using two methods: ABTS and FRAP determining a potent antioxidant activity for compound 4, a significant antioxidant activity for compound 2 and a weak activity for the compounds 1 and 3

Two new protocatechuic acid derivatives, arieianoic acid (1) and arieianol (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Piper heterophyllum Ruíz & Pavon and their structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques. From 1, the semi-synthetic derivatives 3-8 were prepared. The antioxidant activity of the natural and semi-synthetic derivatives were evaluated using the DPPH assay

El extracto etanólico de las partes aéreas de Mutisia orbignyana presentó dos compuestos mayoritarios: mutisifurocumarina (1) y 5-metilcumarina-4-β-glucosilada (2). El asignamiento completo de RMN de ¹H y 13C del compuesto (2) es presentado por primera vez, así como también algunos reasignamientos del espectro de RMN13C del compuesto (1), en ambos casos se aplico técnicas de RMN 2D. Además, se midió el efecto antiproliferativo sobre células cancerosas de colon (CaCo2) y el efecto como inhibidores de radicales libres usando la prueba ABTS, tanto de extractos como de compuestos puros. Los resultados muestran un interesante efecto antiradicalario en ABTS y un efecto no-proliferativo sobre células cancerosas de colon

The ethanolic extract of the aerial parts from Mutisia orbignyana afforded two major compounds: mutisifurocoumarin (1) and 5-methylcoumarine-4-β-glucoside (2). The completely assignment of ¹H and 13C NMR data of compound (2) is presented for the first time as well as some reassignments of 13C NMR spectrum for compound (1), applying 2D NMR techniques. In addition, the antiproliferative effect on colon cancer cells (CaCo2) and the scavenging effect using the ABTS test were measured The results showed an interesting scavenging activity and a non proliferative effect on colon cancer cells.

Blumenol A (1), blumenol B (2) and loliolide (3), together with the ubiquitous β-sitosterol, α-amyrin and β-amyrin, were isolated from the organic extract of the leaves of Heliotropium angiospermum. Structural elucidation of the metabolites was carried out by analysis of their spectroscopic data and/or by comparison with those reported in the literature.

Blumenol A, blumenol B y loliólido, además de β-sitosterol, α-amirina y β-amirina, fueron aislados del extracto orgánico de las hojas de Heliotropium angiospermum. La elucidación estructural de los metabolitos se llevó a cabo mediante la interpretación de sus datos espectroscópicos y/o por comparación de los mismos con los reportados en la literatura.

Mediante la reacción del R-(+)-acido úsnico con cloruro de benzoilo en presencia de piridina se obtuvo el acido dibenzoilusnico. Se estudio la relación de actividad antibacteriana y estructura del R-(+)-acido úsnico y su derivado el acido dibenzoilúsnico contra nueve bacterias ATCC y una bacteria clínicamente aislada.

By reacting R-(+)-usnic acid (1) with benzoyl chloride in presence of pyridine gave the dibenzoylusnic acid (2). The antibacterial activity and relationship structure of acid usnic an old lichen drug and its derivate dibenzoylusnic acid was studied against nine ATCC bacteria and one bacterium clinical isolate.

Cinco compuestos fueron aislados del extracto acetónico del Stereocaulon ramulosum, 1,3,7-trimetilguanina (1), acido perlatólico (2), βorcinolcarboxilato de metilo (3), atranorina (4) y galactitol (5). Las estructuras moleculares fueron elucidadas por métodos espectroscópicos de RMN y espectrometría de masas.

Chromatographic fractionation of an acetone extract of the lichen Stereocaulon ramulosum afforded 1,3,7trimethylguanine (1), perlatolic acid (2), methyl β-orcinolcarboxylate (3), atranorin (4) and galactitol (5). The structures were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

RESUMEN Se hizo un resumen de la investigación relacionada con las plantas medicinales reportadas por la asociación de medicina tradicional de Apillapampa Bolivia (AMETRAC), el resumen cubre toda la información fitoquímica reportada para las 158 especies de plantas medicinales hasta septiembre del 2005. Los resultados indican que el 16% han sido extensamente estudiadas, 10 % moderadamente estudiada, 17 % vagamente estudiadas y cerca al 45 % no ha sido estudiada en lo absoluto. Entre las plantas que tienen algunos estudios solo el 46 % han sido sometidos a algún tipo de ensayos de actividad biológica. Los resultados aquí presentes muestran que la medicina tradicional andina es un campo muy poco estudiado y pretende ser una guía para futuras investigaciones fotoquímicas

ABSTRACT A research concerning the medicinal plants reported by the association of traditional medicine in Apillapampa-Bolivia was done; this review covers all the phytochemical scientific information reported for the 158 species reported as medicinal plants until September 2005. The results indicate that 16 % have been deeply studied, 10% was moderately studied, 17% was barely studied, and near the 45% were not studied at all. Among the plants that have some studies only 46 % have shown to be subjected to some kind of biological activity screening. The results show that the Andean traditional medicine is a barely studied field and pretends to serve as a guide for future phytochemical research.